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What is Intelligence, what is it for, and what is its future?

The John Templeton Foundation is launching its first Focal Venture: a meta-portfolio of philanthropic investments that harnesses the resources and rich multi-disciplinarity of the Foundation to address one of the most urgent, important, and complex topics of our time. How should we understand the nature, purpose, and future of intelligence itself?

Why Study Intelligence Now?

Countless traditions over millennia have viewed humans as the pinnacle and center of the intelligent universe. As current science and scholarship yield a more subtle understanding of biological intelligence from cells to plants to animals, as complexity theorists illuminate collective intelligences from bee swarms to social networks to entire societies, and as machine intelligence develops powers outstripping our own, we confront a set of questions. What do we mean by intelligence in the first place? Is there anything unique about human intelligence? What if the story of intelligence does not culminate with us? Is the world of intelligences vaster, more varied, and more wonderful than we ever imagined? Might intelligence be written into the fabric of reality itself? 

Starting in 2026, the John Templeton Foundation will award over $60 million in grants focused on such questions across our six funding areas. Grants will be distributed over three years to philosophers and ethicists, biologists and neuroscientists, physicists and computer scientists and more, to explore these questions in a multidisciplinary and multidimensional manner. Grantees accepted into the Intelligence Venture will have opportunities to connect with peer scientists and scholars across an array of fields to generate new insights and advance our understanding of what it means to be intelligent. 

For guidance specific to your field, please consult the relevant funding area pages.

1 The Story of Intelligence
2 The Diversity of Intelligence
3 The Plurality of Intelligence
4 The Future of Intelligence

Human civilizations have explored many ways of understanding the meaning and significance of intelligence and its place in the human story. How have philosophical and religious traditions understood intelligence historically, and how are they making sense of intelligence today? What is the relationship between intelligence and related concepts such as adaptive behavior, agency, consciousness, sentience, and personhood? How is our shared imagination of intelligence shaped even now by literature, film, and other media?

Recent years have seen astonishing advances in our understanding of cellular and basal intelligence, animal language and cognition, and augmented and artificial intelligences. What are we learning at the frontiers of scientific research about the dazzling profusion of forms intelligence might take? What might be held in common, and how might we understand the humanity of human intelligence, amid the ferment of intelligence all around us?

From bee colony collaboration to bird murmuration to forest communication systems, from social networks to prediction markets to digital democratic ecosystems, collectives can show emergent capacities and properties that go beyond what individuals possess. How is intelligence shared, distributed, and amplified across pluralities? What conditions lead to healthy function, and dysfunction, across collective brains? What does collective intelligence look like not only among a single kind of intelligence, but across different types and species?

Some believe artificial superintelligence will accelerate our progress, eliminate disease, and unleash abundance and creativity. Others believe it will sentence humankind to conflict, irrelevance, and extinction. Still others look to brain-machine interfaces and genetic manipulation to extend the powers of our own cognition. Whether you believe we should hit the accelerator or decelerator, whose hand should be on the wheel? How do we design a future of flourishing and wisdom for augmented, enhanced, and shared intelligence?

Funding Areas

Character Virtue Development

The Character Virtue Development funding area supports the elevation and cultivation of character, with a focus on moral, performance, civic, and intellectual virtues.

Individual Freedom & Free Markets

The Individual Freedom & Free Markets Funding Area supports education, research, and outreach projects to promote individual freedom, free markets, free competition, and entrepreneurship.

Life Sciences

The Life Sciences funding area supports research and engagement projects on the fundamental structures of the biological world.

Mathematical & Physical Sciences

The Mathematical & Physical Sciences funding area supports research seeking to shed light on the fundamental concepts of physical reality.

Public Engagement

The Public Engagement funding area supports a wide variety of grantees to create content, cultivate thought leadership, and develop campus programming.

Religion, Science, & Society

The Religion, Science, & Society funding area supports the discovery of meaningful and practical insights into the religious, spiritual, and cultural dimensions of humanity.

The Individual Freedom & Free Markets Funding Area supports education, research, and outreach projects to promote individual freedom, free markets, free competition, and entrepreneurship.
In our Mathematical and Physical Sciences funding area, we support research seeking to shed light on the fundamental concepts of physical reality. We also explore the interplay between these sciences and broader human experience.
Public Engagement funds a wide variety of grantees to create content, cultivate thought leadership, and develop campus programming. We seek to catalyze conversations that inspire awe and wonder because we want to enable people to live lives of meaning and purpose. 

How to Apply

We invite researchers, scholars, practitioners, and creators whose work engages foundational questions about intelligence in many forms.

We encourage proposals that are intellectually rigorous, ambitious, multidisciplinary, and attentive to the broader significance of the work. This may include theoretical, empirical, or applied research, as well as projects that engage broader culture on the topic.

Projects may align with one or more of the Venture’s guiding themes. You are also free to surprise us.

Most grants in this Venture will be for three-year projects and grantees will become a part of a community of inquiry. We anticipate opportunities for collaboration, shared learning, and cross-disciplinary exchange among those participating in this effort.

To apply, please consult the guidance provided on the relevant funding area page and submit your proposal through the Foundation’s standard application process.

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